Glossary

This glossary provides definitions for key Buddhist terms, concepts, and practices referenced throughout the Middle Way Education Curricular Framework. Terms are drawn from multiple Buddhist traditions and include both original language words (Sanskrit, Pali, Japanese, Tibetan) and English translations. Each definition aims to be accessible while maintaining accuracy to traditional meanings.

The glossary serves as a reference tool for educators and students engaging with Buddhist concepts across the framework’s five domains. Definitions emphasize practical understanding and application rather than purely academic interpretation, supporting the framework’s inquiry-based approach to learning.

Terms marked with asterisks (*) indicate transliterated words from original Buddhist languages. Cross-references appear in parentheses where relevant concepts connect to other glossary entries.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Kama-tanha
Craving for sensual pleasures; one of the three forms of thirst or desire (tanha) that keep beings trapped in the cycle of samsara. It refers to attachment to sights, sounds, tastes, and other sense experiences.
Kangyur
A Tibetan term meaning "Translated Words"; it refers to the collection of scriptures considered to be the direct teachings of the Buddha, translated from Sanskrit and other languages into Tibetan.
Karma
Literally "action"; the law of cause and effect where intentional actions of body, speech, and mind lead to corresponding future experiences. Karma emphasizes intention, personal responsibility, and ethical conduct.
Karuna (Compassion)
The heartfelt wish that others be free from suffering. It is one of the Four Immeasurables and a core quality on the path.
Kasina
Visual or elemental objects (such as a colored disc or a flame) used as focal points in concentration (samatha) meditation. They help develop deep states of absorption.
Khanti/Ksanti
Patience or forbearance; the ability to endure difficulties, delays, or harm without anger or resentment. It is one of the six paramitas in the Mahayana tradition.
Klesha (Mental affliction)
Mental afflictions or disturbing emotions, such as greed, hatred, pride, jealousy, and ignorance. They obscure clarity and hinder progress on the path to awakening.
Koan
A paradoxical statement, question, or story used in Zen practice to challenge conceptual thinking and open the mind to direct insight. Koans often cannot be solved by logic alone.
Kusala (Merit)
Wholesome, skillful, or beneficial actions that are ethically positive and conducive to growth. Opposite of akusala, or unwholesome actions.
Kyudo
The Way of the Bow; a form of Japanese archery practiced as a meditative art. Informed by Zen, kyudo emphasizes presence, ritual, and inner stillness more than technical skill.