Glossary

This glossary provides definitions for key Buddhist terms, concepts, and practices referenced throughout the Middle Way Education Curricular Framework. Terms are drawn from multiple Buddhist traditions and include both original language words (Sanskrit, Pali, Japanese, Tibetan) and English translations. Each definition aims to be accessible while maintaining accuracy to traditional meanings.

The glossary serves as a reference tool for educators and students engaging with Buddhist concepts across the framework’s five domains. Definitions emphasize practical understanding and application rather than purely academic interpretation, supporting the framework’s inquiry-based approach to learning.

Terms marked with asterisks (*) indicate transliterated words from original Buddhist languages. Cross-references appear in parentheses where relevant concepts connect to other glossary entries.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Dana (Generosity)
Generosity; the practice of giving without expecting anything in return. Dana is the first of the six perfections (paramitas) and helps reduce attachment and cultivate compassion.
Dependent Origination (Pratityasamutpada)
The Buddhist teaching that all phenomena arise in dependence upon causes and conditions. Nothing exists independently; everything is interconnected and interdependent.
Desire (Tanha)
Craving or thirst that leads to attachment and suffering. Understanding desire is essential to overcoming the causes of dukkha.
Devotion
A heartfelt commitment or trust toward the Three Jewels—Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. In many Buddhist traditions, devotion nurtures faith, humility, and openness to awakening.
Dhammapada
A collection of sayings attributed to the Buddha, one of the most widely read Buddhist scriptures. It presents ethical and guidance in concise verses.
Dharma (Teachings)
The Buddha's teachings that help us understand ourselves, live with kindness and wisdom, and find freedom from suffering. Dharma also means the truth about how things are.
Dharmachakra Mudra
The wheel-turning gesture, symbolizing the Buddha's first teaching. This hand gesture represents the setting in motion of the Wheel of Dharma.
Dharmas / Phenomena
All things, events, or experiences that can be known by the mind. In Abhidharma, dharmas are the fundamental elements of experience.
Dhyana / Jhana (Concentration)
Meditative absorption; deep states of concentration. These are progressively refined states of mental stillness and clarity achieved through meditation.
Dhyanamudra
Meditation hand gesture with hands resting in the lap, palms up, often with thumbs touching. It symbolizes inner concentration and balance.
Dignity
Inherent worth and value; in Buddhism, the recognition of the fundamental worth of all beings. Recognizing dignity supports compassion, respect, and ethical behavior.
Discernment
The ability to judge well; wisdom in making distinctions. In practice, discernment helps differentiate wholesome from unwholesome actions, leading to wiser choices.
Discipline (Sila)
Ethical conduct that supports the path to liberation. Discipline includes refraining from harmful actions and cultivating virtue.
Dukkha (Suffering)
Suffering, dissatisfaction, or unsatisfactoriness; the inherent quality of ordinary existence. Dukkha is the first of the Four Noble Truths and points to the need for liberation.