All actions have a corresponding result and all results are created by a set of causes and conditions. Virtuous conduct is not solely about obeying rules of right/good or wrong/bad conduct, virtue can create inner and outer harmony.

Know the specific consequences of nonvirtuous actions, as well as the benefits of abstaining from them. For example, the general effect of killing is to have one’s own life become shorter, while protecting life results in one’s own life becoming longer.

The three nonvirtuous actions of the body are killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. The four nonvirtuous actions of speech are lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and pointless gossip. The three nonvirtuous actions of mind are greed/covetousness, harmful intent, and wrong view.

Good conduct clears the path to awakening but it is not a complete path. Rules of good conduct are often mistaken as the buddhadharma, rather than the means to realizing the dharma.

Reflect on what it feels like to act virtuously or unvirtuously.

• How does it feel to think, speak or act in accord with Buddhist virtues?
• What are the results of unvirtuous thoughts, words, and actions?
• What do you notice about the relationship between cause and effect?
• What do other religions or belief systems say about acting virtuously?

Recall the ten virtuous and non virtuous actions, and analyze how applying these principles creates beneficial effects in daily life.