Dhyana, or meditative concentration, is the fifth of the paramitas. When perfected, this represents a mind free from distraction, dullness, and afflictive emotions.

The term samadhi also describes meditative absorption, and can be translated as “application” or “contemplation.” It can be understood as “collecting” or “bringing together,” implying the unification or concentration of the mind with phenomena. In Pali, the term samadhi translates to “unifying the mind and directing its awareness toward a specific object.” Samadhi represents the final step of the eightfold path.

In life there are many benefits to cultivating meditative concentration. This skill enables us to focus more effectively on what we are doing, and it can also help us approach tasks without feeling overly eager or anxious about the outcome. We become more attentive to others and can respond to their needs more effectively.

Meditative concentration is essential for developing a stable mind that remains unbothered by change, helping to tame emotions, and it is central to the Buddha’s teachings on awakening.

Reflect on the experience of meditative concentration.

• How much effort does it take to calm and concentrate your mind?
• Which meditation instruction or technique makes the most sense to you?

Differentiate between ordinary concentration and the paramita of dhyana as described in Buddhist texts; analyze the role of meditative absorption (samadhi) in developing wisdom and compassion; and demonstrate competency by designing and leading basic meditation sessions that cultivate both individual focus and group harmony.