The five precepts (pancha shila) are a foundational ethical framework for Buddhists, promoting a life of responsibility, respect, and mindful action in relationships.

The five precepts were part of early Buddhism (also known as pre-sectarian Buddhism) and remain common to nearly all schools of Buddhism. When they were first established, these precepts were regarded as an ethic of restraint, to restrain unwholesome tendencies and thereby purify one’s being to attain enlightenment.

Today, interpretation of the precepts varies depending on the individual and different schools of thought. Some Buddhists follow the precepts strictly, while others take them as general guidelines to help promote social harmony, support personal practice, and help navigate difficulties and conflicts that arise.

The five precepts are: 1) No killing, 2) No stealing (taking what is not given), 3) No sexual misconduct, 4) No lying (or careless, incorrect speech), and 5) No intoxicants (which lead to carelessness).

The five precepts can be used as practical guidelines to help prevent the harm caused by non virtuous actions and the obstacles they cause. Following codes of conduct requires mindfulness and awareness.

How do the five precepts compare with the ten virtuous actions? What is the reason to follow these five precepts?

• How do the five precepts compare with the ten virtuous actions?
• What is the reason to follow these five precepts?

Analyze the five precepts (pancha shila) as both restraints from harmful action and foundations for positive ethical development; evaluate contemporary applications of each precept in complex modern situations; and synthesize understanding by examining how precept practice creates conditions for mental purification and spiritual progress.