There are both historical and modern causes for the decline of Buddhism, which highlight the importance of preserving its study and practice.

Buddhism has gone through cycles of growth and decline. In India, it declined due to various factors such as the rise of Hindu devotional movements, the loss of royal patronage, the destruction of monastic centers like Nalanda, and the absence of a strong lay foundation. Over time, Buddhism became increasingly vulnerable to political and cultural shifts.

In more recent times, the dharma has faced challenges from proselytizing religions, cultural change, declining monastic enrollment, and the growing influence of materialism. Unlike many other traditions, Buddhism does not actively seek converts, relying instead on personal interest and commitment.

As Dölpopa writes in his Aspiration Prayer to Uphold the Dharma: “Even if I cannot carry that great weight, may my mind at the very least be worried by the fear that the teachings may wane.”

Preserving the dharma today depends on those who choose to remember, reflect on, and live by the teachings.

Culture and beliefs are subject to impermanence. It’s important to be aware of the different ways Buddhism has been endangered, including both how other religions and ideologies became dominant at certain times and places, whether through the force of law and military force, or through the spread of religions, ideas, and values that are incompatible with the Buddhist view. Taking pride in our heritage and traditions can help us feel connected and unique, but this can also lead to arrogance and a misguided sense of superiority.

Reflect on beliefs or practices from their own heritage that have changed over time and how that has impacted them. Interact with someone who has been impacted by the changes in Buddhist forms. Reflect on which teachings of the Buddha they feel most connected to. Reflect on Dölpopa’s prayer and consider what feelings and motivations might drive his aspirations.

• How would it feel if Buddhism was banned or rendered extinct?
• What are the greatest risks to the preservation of buddhadharma within your community?
• What methods might support and preserve Buddhist practice locally?

Analyze factors contributing to Buddhism’s decline historically, and create strategies to preserve dharma traditions in contemporary contexts.