Strongly held dogmatic beliefs, whether religious, social, or ideological, can create significant divisions within communities resulting in violence, discrimination, social instability, economic disruption, and obstructing efforts toward peace and cooperation. Lacking connection and understanding, individuals who strongly identify with their religious beliefs may perceive others as enemies. Engaging in constructive dialogue can help alleviate these tensions.

Healthy dialogue involves utilizing all the tools of listening and speaking, including paying careful attention to relationships with consideration for all participants. In dialogue, hold an intention to learn rather than imposing a viewpoint or catching someone in their weaknesses or flaws. Learn as much as possible about their belief system and its history. Allow for silence and feedback from all sides. Respect different values and others’ freedom of choice. Understand various perspectives. Find common ground and create a safe space.

Confucians believe that communication is an ethical and spiritual process, and that everyone has a moral nature and the ability to feel, appreciate, and respect others. Buddhist sutras are often structured as dialogues that can be used as models.

In his 1996 book On Dialogue, the physicist David Bohm said, “Real dialogue is where two or more people become willing to suspend their certainty in each other’s presence.”

Extra sensitivity and care are essential when inquiring about people’s core values and beliefs. Understanding the historical and potential conflicts related to belief systems, and discussing religious beliefs, requires special delicacy.

Reflect on the practices that bring about thoughtful, respectful dialogue. Practice respectful inquiry with guests and reflect on how it is received.

• How does it feel when you are confronted or interrogated?
• How does it feel when you are asked thoughtful, respectful questions?

Design thoughtful, respectful questions to investigate others’ beliefs and lineage, balancing confidence, tact, and humility, and evaluate how this approach enhances cross-cultural understanding.