As one hears, reflects upon, works with, accepts, and becomes familiar with the Buddhist view, one begins to see opportunities to benefit others who may be suffering or causing suffering because of their lack of understanding. Being able to skillfully question others’ views is a challenging task, but with compassion and a gentle approach, it can be done.

Rules and structures are not permanent; they should sometimes be respected, but at other times they must be challenged. The buddhadharma offers methods and measures, such as the eightfold path, to assist us in making wise choices through critical thinking. Challenging requires wisdom and skill, not aggression. Before challenging someone else’s views it is important to consider one’s motivation—might the outcome benefit this person or others?

Conventions and rules can explain how people act in the world. Questioning assumptions which seem harmful or unwise can be an act of compassion, kindness, and skillful means.

The Buddha’s style of teaching was an invitation to explore, not dogmatic. It is said that he started his teachings with the word ehipassiko (Pali) which can be translated as “come and see.”

The Buddha’s teachings on moral conduct can be a helpful tool when deciding what to respect or challenge. All knowledge is partial knowledge. Before accepting something as true, if we examine and evaluate it on our own terms, investigate assumptions, and focus on what benefits others, we can make wise choices and have confidence that our beliefs have integrity. We can rely on skillful means and wisdom to determine what is true for us.

Imagine, and if possible, experience what it is like to challenge others’ ideas—and have their own ideas challenged—in an atmosphere of mutual respect.

• How does it feel to be told to do something or believe something, in contrast to being invited to do something or consider a new idea?
• What is an example of an unfair rule and why?

Evaluate invalid assumptions and harmful dogmas, and generate skillful responses to challenge them using discriminating intelligence. Model and implement respectful inquiry techniques.