Harmonious or right speech is prescribed in the Buddhist eightfold path and also the five precepts.

The instruction on right speech is to become mindful of how our words affect ourselves and others. It encourages us to avoid four kinds of harmful speech: lying, divisive talk, harsh or hurtful language, and idle gossip. Instead, we are guided to speak in ways that are truthful, kind, helpful, and that bring people together. Practicing right speech helps create trust, reduce conflict, and support harmony in our relationships and communities.

Reflecting on our personal speech patterns (or any aspect of our conduct), to help us align more fully with the teachings on virtue, requires humility and gentle introspection. Cultivating virtuous speech is not about moral judgment but rather about demonstrating vulnerability and honest self-examination as part of personal growth.

In Pali, the vow for right speech is one of the five precepts: “I undertake the precept to refrain from incorrect speech.”

To help consider whether you are practicing right speech, it can be beneficial to ask yourself these questions before speaking—Is it true? Is it kind? Is it helpful? Is it necessary? Is it an appropriate time? It is also good to remember gentleness, to bring pleasantness to your tone and manner. This aids communication by making it easier for people to listen and hear what you offer.

See “Skillful Communication in Action” LG120 for more advanced application

Mindful speech can help us avoid negative consequences. Speaking intentionally and thoughtfully can bring about a sense of well-being for self and others, developing stronger connections that promote greater understanding and respect.

Reflect on the impacts of speaking reactively versus speaking mindfully. For one day, try practicing pausing before each time you speak, to first check: Is it true? Kind? Necessary? Helpful? Timely?”

• How is the experience different when speaking from strong emotions versus speaking from a place of calm?

Evaluate speech patterns by identifying personal examples of any of the four non-virtuous speech actions; then design and implement communication strategies that integrate Buddhist principles of truthfulness, kindness, and timing to create more harmonious interactions with others.