Unlike traditions that focus on salvation by a God, Buddhism teaches that each person must take responsibility for their own spiritual journey. He emphasized that effort and diligence are of great importance, and that true liberation must come from within. We can rely on teachers for guidance, but ultimately, we must question and analyze what we learn, and choose what is true for us based on our own wisdom and experience.

Also, in the Dhammapada, Verse 165, the Buddha states, “Purity and impurity depend on oneself; no one can purify another.” Our thoughts, words, and actions belong to us; it is through our own good intentions and actions that we create benefits for ourselves and others. Conversely, through our confused or selfish motivations and actions, we bring about suffering. Others can only assist us in understanding how this works, enabling us to follow the path ourselves.

Another important quote from the Dhammapada, is when the Buddha said: “One is one’s own protector. What other protector could there be? One is one’s own refuge. Therefore, one should master oneself
as a merchant tames a fine horse.” When we take refuge in the Buddha, we are placing our trust in our own capacity to awaken, knowing that we alone must walk the path.

The Buddha was not a god, he was a human being who attained realization through study and practice. Following his example, we take responsibility for our choices knowing that no one else can liberate us from the consequences of our actions.

Reflect on the experience of taking responsibility for choices you have made.

• What are the limits of what we can do for others?
• What does it feel like to take responsibility for your own actions?

Analyze how the Buddha’s teaching on self-mastery challenges common assumptions about external salvation or rescue, and synthesize understanding by designing accountability practices that demonstrate personal responsibility for ethical choices and inner development.