Abstaining from intoxicants is the fifth precept. Unlike the other four precepts—to abstain from killing, stealing, lying, and sexual misconduct—which are considered inherently non-virtuous actions, consuming intoxicants is not viewed as intrinsically non-virtuous. However, abstaining from intoxicants is viewed as virtuous because they often cloud one’s judgment and significantly hinder the ability to uphold other vows.

If one has not taken the vow to abstain from intoxicants entirely, another approach to working with the precept is to practice moderation, which means not to overindulge. Mattanuta is a Buddhist concept that means “knowing the right amount.” It’s a quality that helps people achieve a healthy balance in life by understanding that there is an optimal amount of both material and non-material things needed to achieve goals, and also, appreciating that there are detrimental effects from various types of overconsumption or self-denial.

Mattanuta involves developing the skill of assessing what is enough, and knowing when to stop demanding too much of oneself, others, or the environment. Moderation can be applied to eating, drinking, consuming media, making purchases, etc. It relates to the precept of not taking intoxicants, but can be extended to other areas of life.

Abstaining from intoxicants and choosing sobriety can be supportive to good conduct and discipline. Mindful consumption, including an awareness of how much of something is necessary, enhances wellbeing for self, others, and the environment.

Reflect on feelings that arise from over- or under-indulging. Reflect on the difference between pleasure and contentment; what factors bring about these outcomes, and what mental and physical consequences arise as a result.

• What is an area where you feel it would be good to practice moderation?

Differentiate between the precept against intoxicants and the broader principle of mattanuta (knowing the right amount); analyze how mindful consumption supports clarity of mind and ethical behavior; and evaluate personal consumption patterns across various domains (substances, media, material goods) using Buddhist principles of moderation and awareness.