Life-release practice, often referred to as fangsheng in Chinese and tshethar in Tibetan, is a Buddhist tradition in which people buy captive animals, such as birds and those intended for slaughter, including fish and livestock, and release them into the wild. By giving life back to these creatures, essentially saving them from potential slaughter, the releasers believe they will generate good karma and gain merit. This practice is deeply rooted in the concept of compassion for all living beings. Some Buddhist texts claim that supporting life enhances one’s own well-being, while taking another life shortens one’s own.

Even with good intentions, life release can create unintended issues, particularly when non-native species are introduced into unfamiliar ecosystems, negatively impacting both native wildlife and the released animals. It is important to consult with people familiar with local flora and fauna before releasing potentially invasive species. Another point of criticism is that life release has deviated from its original intention—saving animals destined for captivity or death—and has instead generated an economy in cultures and communities where this practice is common, where animals are deliberately captured or bred for the sole purpose of being sold for release. This often results in the animals being recaptured, further perpetuating their suffering.

Despite these challenges, life release remains a meaningful expression of compassion and respect for all living beings when practiced thoughtfully. In its most ethical form, it can serve as a reminder of the interconnectedness of all life and the importance of non-harm. By supporting genuine animal rescue efforts, promoting habitat conservation, and raising awareness about the welfare of animals, practitioners can uphold the spirit of life release while minimizing harm. When approached with careful consideration and a commitment to ethical practices, life release can truly embody the Buddhist principles of kindness and reverence for life.

All beings wish to be content and free—it is possible to protect beings from harm. Life-release is a Buddhist practice grounded in compassion, with the intention of saving animals and respecting all forms of life.

Identify feelings when participating in a life-release practice, or when protecting someone from harm. Reflect how protecting life affects their own wellbeing.

• Have you ever taken a life accidentally or otherwise?
• How did that feel?
• How can practitioners ensure their actions align with the principles of non-harm and compassion?
• What is the purpose of life-release practice in Buddhist traditions?

Evaluate the Buddhist practice of life release within contemporary ecological contexts, analyze the ethical complexities of wildlife conservation and animal welfare, and design compassionate actions that authentically preserve life while considering environmental impact and cultural sensitivity.